Estimation Of Serum Vitamin B2 Levels In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Case-Control Study
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most prevalent cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, with squamous cell carcinomas accounting for most cases. Tobacco and alcohol are the foremost etiological factors; however, bioactive food components, including those that modulate DNA methylation, are being linked to susceptibility. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) has been associated with carcinogenesis. Riboflavin is essential for one-carbon metabolism, which involves the transfer of one carbon unit for Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA), amino acid metabolism and methylation.
Aim & Objectives: To evaluate the association of Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) mediated one-carbon metabolism with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)
Materials and Methods: This study involved 10 newly diagnosed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 10 age & gender-matched healthy controls. The cases were made up of 05 males and 05 females same as in controls. Serum obtained from participants' blood was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography technique for evaluation of Vitamin B2 levels.
Results: The mean ages of cases and controls were 60.1 and 58.3 years, and the median ages of cases and controls were 62.5 and 59.5 years, respectively. Serum Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) levels were statistically low in OSCC when compared to controls (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Serum Riboflavin levels can differ due to tumour growth and subsequent metabolic changes, or they may precede and accelerate tumour progression
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Gormley M, Gray E, Richards C, Gormley A, Richmond RC, Vincent EE, et al. An update on oral cavity cancer: epidemiological trends, prevention strategies and novel approaches in diagnosis and prognosis. Community Dental Health. 2022, 39, 197–205.
Tumuluri V, Thomas GA, Fraser IS. Analysis of the Ki-67 antigen at the invasive tumour front of human oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 2002, 31, 598–604.
Wilkey JF, Buchberger G, Saucier K, et al. Cyclin D1 overexpression increases susceptibility to 4-nitroquinoline-1 -oxide-induced dysplasia and neoplasia in murine squamous oral epithelium. Mol Carcinog. 2009, 48, 853– 861.
Conway D.I., Purkayastha M., Chestnutt I.G. The Changing Epidemiology of Oral Cancer: Definitions, Trends, and Risk Factors. Br. Dent. J. 2018, 225, 867–73.
Sarode G., Maniyar N., Sarode S.C., Jafer M., Patil S., Awan K.H. Epidemiologic Aspects of Oral.2020, 66, 100988.
De Kok T.M., van Breda S.G., Manson M.M. Mechanisms of Combined Action of Different Chemo preventive Dietary Compounds: A Review. Eur. J. Nutr. 2008, 47, 51–59.
Grosso G. et al. Effects of Vitamin C on Health: A Review of Evidence. Front. Biosci. 2013, 18, 1017–1029.
Hashida S., Yuzawa S., Suzuki N.N., Fujioka Y., Takikawa T., Sumimoto H., Inagaki F., Fujii H. Binding of FAD to cytochrome b558 is facilitated during activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, leading to superoxide production. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279, 26378–26386.
Lui T, Soong SJ, Wilson NP, et al. A case-control study of nutritional factors and cervical dysplasia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.1993, 2, 525–30
Montero, P.H.; Patel, S.G. Cancer of the Oral Cavity. Surg. Oncol. Clin. N. Am. 2015, 24, 491–508
Ren, Z.H.; Hu, C.Y.; He, H.R.; Li, Y.J.; Lyu, J. Global and regional burdens of oral cancer from 1990 to 2017: Results from the global burden of disease study. Cancer Commun. 2020, 40, 81–92.
Meydi R., Shaikh F., Biag S., Qureshi M., Lakhani M., Zia I. et al. Oral squamous cell carcinoma and tobacco use. Jammer. 2018, 28, 1-5.
Imbesi Bellantoni M, Picciolo G, Pirrotta I, Irrera N, Vaccaro M, Vaccaro F, et al. Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Update of the Pharmacological Treatment. Biomedicines. 2023, 11, 1112.
Williams HK. Molecular pathogenesis of oral squamous carcinoma. J Clin and Mol Pathol. 2000, 53, 165-172.
Powers HJ. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) and Health. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003, 77, 1352-60.
Rivlin RS. Riboflavin metabolism. N Engl J Med.1970, 283, 463–72.
Zhao et al. Riboflavin transporter expression is associated with prognosis in breast cancer. BMC Cancer. 2021, 2, 49.
Shukla et al. Altered expression of riboflavin transporter 2 in oral cancer progression. Cancer Invest. 2016, 34, 235-45.
Wu QJ et al. Dietary riboflavin intake and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese population: a case-control study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011, 94, 568-75.
Yoon YS, Jung S, Zhang X, Ogino S, Giovannucci EL, Cho E. Vitamin B2 intake and colorectal cancer risk; results from the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study cohort. Int J Cancer. 2016, 139, 996-1008.
Zhang et al. High expression of riboflavin transporter 3 (SLC52A3) is associated with a better prognosis in gastric cancer. Cancer Biomark. 2018, 22, 121-128.
Liu et al. Inhibition of riboflavin metabolism enhances doxorubicin efficacy in lung cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2020, 85, 465-47.