Phytochemical Screening Of Different Fractions And Anti-Bacterial Activity Of Caralluma Tuberculata
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Abstract
Caralluma Tuberculata is an important medicinal plant and belongs to Apocynaceae family. The succulent stem of the plant is widely used to treat several diseases including diabetes, rheumatism, leprosy, peptic ulcer, inflammation, jaundice, dysentery, constipation, stomach pain, hepatitis B and C. This dissertation reports fractional extraction, phytochemical screening and their anti-bacterial activities. Fractions of different polarities were obtained through fractional extraction with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water respectively. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phytosterols, carbohydrates, terpenoids, and steroids in all four fractions. Alkaloids were present in all fractions except the methanol fraction. Flavonoids were present in all except n-hexane fraction. Tannins were only present in dichloromethane fraction. Saponins were present in all fractions except dichloromethane fraction. Amino acids were only present in methanol fraction. The antibacterial activities of all the fractions were evaluated against two bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Citrobacter freundii. Streptomycin was used as standard. Plant extracts of methanol fraction showed a maximum zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Citrobacter freundii. The highest % inhibition (96%) at 100µg/ml concentration relative to standard (100%) was showed by methanol fraction against Escherichia coli. In case of Citrobacter freundii methanol fraction showed 92% inhibition at 100µg/ml relative to standard (100%). While comparing different fractions of Caralluma tuberculata, methanol and ethyl acetate fractions appear to have highest zone of inhibition as compared to the dichloromethane and n-hexane fractions against both Escherichia coli and Citrobacter freundii.
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