Formulation and characterization of Naringin - niosomes for sustained drug delivery and wound healing properties

Abstract

Naringin, a natural flavonoid abundantly found in citrus fruits, has garnered significant attention for its diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and wound healing effects. However, its limited bioavailability and rapid metabolism have posed challenges for its therapeutic application. In this study, we present the development and characterization of a novel Naringin-loaded niosomal conjugation aimed at enhancing its therapeutic potential. This encapsulation not only improves the solubility and stability of naringin but also offers controlled release properties. The niosomal preparation was prepared using a thin-film hydration method, incorporating Naringin into the lipid bilayers. The physicochemical characterization confirmed the successful encapsulation of Naringin within the niosomal structure, resulting in improved stability and sustained release properties. In vitro release studies demonstrated a prolonged release of Naringin over an extended period, suggesting its potential for sustained therapeutic effects. Antioxidant activity of the preparation was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assay, revealing enhanced scavenging of free radicals compared to free Naringin.  The naringin-niosomal conjugation exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 97.89 µg/ml for DPPH and 50.6µg/ml for ABTS assay. Naringin-niosomal preparation showed enhanced cell migration after 72 h of injury in a scratch wound healing assay with 95% wound healing efficiency. Overall, our findings indicate that the developed Naringin-loaded niosomal preparation holds promise as a multifunctional therapeutic agent with prolonged antioxidant, and wound healing effects. This innovative preparation may offer a valuable approach to harness the therapeutic potential of Naringin, addressing the limitations associated with its bioavailability and providing a foundation for further pre-clinical and clinical investigations.